Your pay before taxes, 401(k) and other deductions. Add a co-borrower’s income if you’ll apply together.

For a home purchase, use the full proposed payment: principal, interest, property tax, insurance and PMI.

Add up the minimum payment due on each card, not the balance.

Other debts, HOA & other income

Only if not already included in the housing payment above.

Steady income a lender can verify, such as a pension, Social Security, or alimony or child support you receive.

Your debt-to-income ratio (back-end)

40.7%

$2,850 in monthly debt payments ÷ $7,000 gross monthly income

Front-end (housing) DTI

28.6%

Rating

Acceptable

Gross monthly income

$7,000

Between 36% and 43% is within FHA’s standard 43% total-debt limit for manual underwriting and below the 50% maximum for conventional loans approved through automated underwriting. VA and USDA use 41% as their guideline.

Where your gross monthly income goes

Housing: 28.6%Car loans & leases: 6.4%Student loans: 3.6%Credit cards: 2.1%Left after debts: 59.3%40.7%to debt
Housing
$2,000 (28.6%)
Car loans & leases
$450 (6.4%)
Student loans
$250 (3.6%)
Credit cards
$150 (2.1%)
Total monthly debt payments
$2,850 (40.7%)
Left after debt payments
$4,150

How you compare with loan program limits

Your DTI40.7%28/36 guideline36%VA & USDA41%FHA manual43%Fannie Mae DU50%
Your ratios: 28.6% front-end / 40.7% back-end
ProgramLimit (front / back)Your status
28/36 rule of thumb28% / 36%Over both limits
Conventional (Fannie Mae), manual— / 36%Over total-debt limit
Conventional, manual + credit & reserves— / 45%Within limit
Conventional, Desktop Underwriter— / 50%Within limit
FHA, manual underwriting31% / 43%Within limit
FHA, manual + 1 compensating factor37% / 47%Within limit
FHA, manual + 2 compensating factors40% / 50%Within limit
VA— / 41%Within limit
USDA29% / 41%Within limit

Limits are typical maximums. Lenders can set stricter limits (overlays), and credit score, down payment and cash reserves also matter.

What it takes to reach a lower DTI

Target DTIMax monthly debtsCut payments byOr earn (per year)
36%$2,520$330/mo$95,000 (+$11,000)
43%$3,010Already thereAlready there
50%$3,500Already thereAlready there

To reach 36%, you would need to eliminate $330 of monthly payments (for example, by paying off a card or loan), or earn $11,000 more a year in gross income.

Housing payment your income supports

Housing payment that fits the 28/36 rule
$1,670/mo
Housing payment that keeps total DTI at 43%
$2,160/mo

Debt-to-Income (DTI) Ratio Calculator by SureCalcs