How to use this income tax calculator
- Pick your filing status and state. Choose “None / not applicable” to see federal tax only.
- Enter your 2026 wages before deductions, including bonuses, tips and overtime. Add the federal tax withheld for the full year (your pay stub’s year-to-date figure, scaled up) to estimate a refund or balance due.
- Open “Other income” for self-employment profit, interest, dividends and capital gains.
- Open “Deductions & credits” for 401(k) and HSA contributions, itemized deductions, age 65+, children, and qualified tips or overtime.
- Read the step table to see exactly how gross income becomes taxable income and tax. Copy the link to save your scenario.
2026 federal income tax brackets
Federal income tax is progressive: each rate applies only to the slice of taxable income inside its bracket. These are the 2026 brackets (for returns filed in 2027); a qualifying surviving spouse uses the married-filing-jointly column.
| Rate | Single | Married filing jointly | Married filing separately | Head of household |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | $0 – $12,400 | $0 – $24,800 | $0 – $12,400 | $0 – $17,700 |
| 12% | $12,400 – $50,400 | $24,800 – $100,800 | $12,400 – $50,400 | $17,700 – $67,450 |
| 22% | $50,400 – $105,700 | $100,800 – $211,400 | $50,400 – $105,700 | $67,450 – $105,700 |
| 24% | $105,700 – $201,775 | $211,400 – $403,550 | $105,700 – $201,775 | $105,700 – $201,750 |
| 32% | $201,775 – $256,225 | $403,550 – $512,450 | $201,775 – $256,225 | $201,750 – $256,200 |
| 35% | $256,225 – $640,600 | $512,450 – $768,700 | $256,225 – $384,350 | $256,200 – $640,600 |
| 37% | Over $640,600 | Over $768,700 | Over $384,350 | Over $640,600 |
2026 standard deduction
Most filers subtract the standard deduction instead of itemizing. You itemize only when mortgage interest, charitable gifts and state and local taxes add up to more; for 2026 the state and local tax (SALT) deduction is capped at $40,400, reduced for incomes above $505,000 but not below $10,000.
| Filing status | Standard deduction | Extra if 65+ or blind (each) |
|---|---|---|
| Single | $16,100 | $2,050 |
| Married filing jointly | $32,200 | $1,650 |
| Married filing separately | $16,100 | $1,650 |
| Head of household | $24,150 | $2,050 |
How federal income tax is calculated
Start from gross income, subtract pre-tax contributions and other adjustments to get adjusted gross income (AGI), then subtract your deduction to get taxable income. The tax is the sum of each bracket’s rate times the income inside it, minus credits:
Tax = Σ (rate_k × income in bracket_k) − credits, where taxable income T = AGI − deduction
- r_k
- tax rate of bracket k (10%, 12%, 22% …)
- I_k
- part of taxable income T that falls inside bracket k
- T
- taxable income = AGI − standard or itemized deduction − Schedule 1-A deductions
- C
- credits, such as the child tax credit
Worked example
A single filer with $75,000 of wages has an AGI of $75,000. Subtracting the $16,100 standard deduction leaves $58,900 of taxable income, which is taxed as follows:
- 10% × $12,400 = $1,240
- 12% × $38,000 = $4,560
- 22% × $8,500 = $1,870
Total: $7,670 of federal income tax, or 10.2% of gross income. Add $5,738 of Social Security and Medicare (7.65% of wages) and this worker keeps $61,593 before any state tax.
Marginal vs. effective tax rate
Moving into a higher bracket never lowers your take-home pay, because the higher rate applies only to the dollars above the bracket line. In the example, the marginal rate is 22%: a $1,000 raise adds $220 of federal income tax. The effective rate, total tax divided by income, is just 10.2%. Use the marginal rate to judge a raise, a bonus or a 401(k) contribution (each $1,000 contributed saves about $220 of federal tax here), and the effective rate to compare your overall tax burden.
Federal income tax on common salaries in 2026
Estimated 2026 federal income tax on wages with the standard deduction and no dependents or other income:
| Wages | Single: tax | Single: effective rate | Married jointly: tax | Married jointly: effective rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $30,000 | $1,420 | 4.7% | $0 | 0% |
| $50,000 | $3,820 | 7.6% | $1,780 | 3.6% |
| $75,000 | $7,670 | 10.2% | $4,640 | 6.2% |
| $100,000 | $13,170 | 13.2% | $7,640 | 7.6% |
| $150,000 | $24,734 | 16.5% | $15,340 | 10.2% |
| $200,000 | $36,734 | 18.4% | $26,340 | 13.2% |
| $300,000 | $68,134 | 22.7% | $49,468 | 16.5% |
| $500,000 | $138,134 | 27.6% | $102,608 | 20.5% |
For example, $100,000 of wages means about $13,170 of federal income tax for a single filer and $7,640 for a married couple filing jointly.
What’s new for 2026
The 2025 tax law known as the One, Big, Beautiful Bill added several deductions that apply for 2025 through 2028 and raised the child tax credit and the SALT cap. For 2026:
- No tax on tips: deduct up to $25,000 of qualified tips, reduced by $100 per $1,000 of modified AGI above $150,000 ($300,000 joint).
- No tax on overtime: deduct up to $12,500 ($25,000 joint) of the overtime premium required by the Fair Labor Standards Act, with the same phase-out.
- Senior deduction: $6,000 per person 65 or older, on top of the regular extra standard deduction, reduced by 6% of modified AGI above $75,000 ($150,000 joint).
- Higher SALT cap: $40,400 for itemizers, phased down above $505,000 of modified AGI.
- Child tax credit: $2,200 per child under 17, up to $1,700 of it refundable.
The tips, overtime and senior deductions are available whether or not you itemize, but not on married-filing-separately returns. Tips and overtime remain subject to Social Security and Medicare tax. For a closer look, try our no tax on overtime calculator.
Will I get a refund or owe?
Your refund is simply the tax you paid during the year minus the tax you actually owe. Enter your expected full-year withholding in the calculator to see which side you land on. If you expect to owe, you can raise your withholding by giving your employer a new Form W-4; the IRS Tax Withholding Estimator walks you through it. Owing less than $1,000, or having paid at least 90% of this year’s tax or 100% of last year’s (110% if last year’s AGI was over $150,000, or $75,000 married filing separately), generally avoids an underpayment penalty. Our paycheck calculator shows the taxes taken out of each check.
State income tax in 2026
9 states (Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington and Wyoming) do not tax wages. 16 tax wages at a flat rate and 26 have graduated brackets (counting the District of Columbia). On a $75,000 salary, a single filer’s state income tax ranges from $0 to $5,055 (Oregon) in our estimates. Choose your state for its 2026 brackets, deductions and a comparison with its neighbors:
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
| State | State tax on $75,000 | Effective rate | Rank (1 = lowest) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| Florida | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| Nevada | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| New Hampshire | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| South Dakota | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| Tennessee | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| Texas | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| Washington | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| Wyoming | $0 | 0% | 1 |
| North Dakota | $182 | 0.24% | 10 |
| Arizona | $1,473 | 1.96% | 11 |
| Ohio | $1,619 | 2.16% | 12 |
| Louisiana | $1,864 | 2.49% | 13 |
| Indiana | $2,183 | 2.91% | 14 |
| Rhode Island | $2,196 | 2.93% | 15 |
| Iowa | $2,198 | 2.93% | 16 |
| Mississippi | $2,268 | 3.02% | 17 |
| Arkansas | $2,287 | 3.05% | 18 |
| Pennsylvania | $2,303 | 3.07% | 19 |
| New Mexico | $2,359 | 3.15% | 20 |
| Vermont | $2,426 | 3.23% | 21 |
| North Carolina | $2,484 | 3.31% | 22 |
| Kentucky | $2,507 | 3.34% | 23 |
| Nebraska | $2,533 | 3.38% | 24 |
| West Virginia | $2,546 | 3.39% | 25 |
| Missouri | $2,588 | 3.45% | 26 |
| Colorado | $2,592 | 3.46% | 27 |
| New Jersey | $2,596 | 3.46% | 28 |
| South Carolina | $2,657 | 3.54% | 29 |
| California | $2,665 | 3.55% | 30 |
| Oklahoma | $2,830 | 3.77% | 31 |
| Idaho | $2,860 | 3.81% | 32 |
| Montana | $2,877 | 3.84% | 33 |
| Michigan | $2,937 | 3.92% | 34 |
| Wisconsin | $2,944 | 3.93% | 35 |
| Georgia | $2,994 | 3.99% | 36 |
| Utah | $3,110 | 4.15% | 37 |
| Alabama | $3,127 | 4.17% | 38 |
| Maryland | $3,197 | 4.26% | 39 |
| Kansas | $3,385 | 4.51% | 40 |
| Maine | $3,385 | 4.51% | 40 |
| New York | $3,453 | 4.6% | 42 |
| Connecticut | $3,475 | 4.63% | 43 |
| Virginia | $3,498 | 4.66% | 44 |
| District of Columbia | $3,500 | 4.67% | 45 |
| Massachusetts | $3,530 | 4.71% | 46 |
| Illinois | $3,568 | 4.76% | 47 |
| Minnesota | $3,577 | 4.77% | 48 |
| Delaware | $3,609 | 4.81% | 49 |
| Hawaii | $3,896 | 5.19% | 50 |
| Oregon | $5,055 | 6.74% | 51 |
State estimates apply each state’s brackets, standard deduction, exemptions and credits to wage income. They leave out local income taxes and some state-specific phase-outs, which are listed on each state’s page.
What this estimate doesn’t include
The calculator covers wages, self-employment income, interest, dividends and capital gains, the standard or itemized deduction, the Schedule 1-A deductions, the child tax credit, the credit for other dependents, the earned income tax credit, self-employment tax, the net investment income tax and the Additional Medicare Tax. It does not model the alternative minimum tax, the qualified business income deduction, education or energy credits, taxable Social Security benefits, local income taxes, or every state credit and phase-out. If any of those apply to you, treat the result as a starting point and check it against your tax software or a tax professional.
Frequently asked questions
How much federal income tax will I pay on $75,000 in 2026?
A single filer with $75,000 in wages and the standard deduction pays about $7,670 in 2026 federal income tax, or 10.2% of gross pay. The $16,100 standard deduction leaves $58,900 of taxable income, taxed at 10%, 12% and 22%. Social Security and Medicare add another $5,738. A married couple filing jointly with the same income would owe $4,640.
What are the federal tax brackets for 2026?
There are seven federal rates for 2026: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. For single filers the 10% rate covers taxable income up to $12,400, 12% up to $50,400, 22% up to $105,700, and the 37% top rate starts above $640,600. Joint filers’ brackets are roughly twice as wide. These apply to returns filed in 2027.
What is the standard deduction for 2026?
The 2026 standard deduction is $16,100 for single filers and married people filing separately, $32,200 for married couples filing jointly and $24,150 for heads of household. Filers who are 65 or older or blind add $2,050 each if unmarried or $1,650 each if married. People 65 and older can also take the new $6,000 senior deduction in full if modified AGI is $75,000 or less ($150,000 joint); it shrinks above that.
What is the difference between a marginal and an effective tax rate?
Your marginal rate is the rate on your next dollar of income; your effective rate is your total tax divided by your income. A single filer earning $75,000 has a 22% federal marginal rate, so a $1,000 raise adds about $220 of federal income tax. But their effective federal rate is only 10.2%, because lower brackets and the standard deduction shelter most of their income.
Are tips and overtime tax-free in 2026?
Partly. For 2026, workers can deduct up to $25,000 of qualified tips and up to $12,500 of qualified overtime premium ($25,000 on a joint return) from federal taxable income. Both deductions shrink once modified AGI passes $150,000 ($300,000 joint), and married couples must file jointly. The income is still subject to Social Security and Medicare tax, and many states still tax it.
Which states have no income tax?
According to our 2026 state data, 9 states do not tax wages or salaries: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington and Wyoming. Washington does levy a separate excise tax on large long-term capital gains. Residents still pay federal income tax, Social Security and Medicare. At the other end, Oregon takes the largest bite from a single $75,000 earner in our state-by-state estimates.
Why do I owe taxes this year instead of getting a refund?
You owe when the tax withheld from your pay during the year is less than your actual tax. Common causes are a second job, self-employment or investment income with no withholding, a raise or bonus, or a Form W-4 that no longer matches your situation. Owing $1,000 or more can also mean an underpayment penalty unless withholding and estimated payments covered at least 90% of this year’s tax or 100% of last year’s (110% if last year’s AGI topped $150,000).
How accurate is this income tax calculator?
It applies the official 2026 IRS brackets, standard deductions, credits and the new Schedule 1-A deductions, and shows each step so you can compare it with your own return. It does not model the alternative minimum tax, the qualified business income deduction, education credits, local income taxes, or every state credit and phase-out. Use it to plan, then confirm with your actual return.